« February 10, Price 2s. JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. Vol. IV. ZOOLOGY. No. 16. CONTENTS. Page X. Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Makessar, in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. By Francis Walker, Esq., P.L.S. ( concluded) . 145 II, On the Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago. By Alfred R. Wallace, Esq. Communicated by Charles Darwin, Esq., F.R.S. & L.S 172 LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMANS AND ROBERTS, AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE. 1860. MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 145 2° longior ; arista pubescens. Abdomen brevi-ovatum, thorace multo brevius. Pedes simplices. Alts medioeres. Female. Body moderately stout. Head transverse, almost as broad as the thorax, somewhat flat above; proboscis and palpi very short. Antenna: shorter than the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint lanceolate, longer than the 2nd ; arista pubescent. Abdomen short-oval, much shorter than the thorax. Legs simple, moderately long. Wings of moderate size ; veins of the usual structure. 163. Amblada atomaria, n. s. Fcem. Cinerea, capite guttis qua- tuor fuseis maculisque duabus atris, arista alba filiformi, thorace hneis duabus punctisque plurimis fuseis, abdomine fulvo segmentorum marginibus nigro punctatis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis albidis nigro bifas- ciatis, alls lurido-cinereis. Female. Cinereous ; head white about the eyes, with two brown dots on each side of the vertex, and w ith a deep black spot on each side in front ; antennae cinereous-brown ; arista white, filiform, seated on the base of the 3rd joint, which it much exceeds in length ; thorax with two slender brown lines and with very numerous brown points ; ab- domen tawny, with black points on the hind borders of the segments ; legs tawny ; tibiae dingy whitish, with two black bands on each ; wings grey, with a lurid tinge ; veins tawny, black by the costa at the base ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length' from the border, and by full twice its length from the pnebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 24 lines ; of the wings 5 lines. Gen. Sepedon, Latr. 164. Sepedon Javanensis, Desv. Essai Myod. 6//. 2. Inhabits also Java. Subfam. Lauxanides, Walk. Gen. Lonchosa, Fallen. 165. Lonchosa? punctipennis. Fa>m. Nigra, nitons, capite an- taco argenteo, antennarum articulo 3 0 longe-conieo, arista plumosa, tarsis halteribusque piceis, alis cinereis basi nigris puncto costal! nigro. Female. Black, shining, with several stout bristles ; head silvery in front; face flat; antennae short; third joint elongate-conical, arista very plumose ; abdomen oval, convex, a little shorter and narrower than the thorax ; tarsi and halteres piceous ; wings grey, black at the base, with a black costal point at the tip of the subcostal vein ; veins yellowish, black at the base ; costal vein blaek ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border and by nearly twice its length from the prfebrachial transverse. Length of the body 2\ lines ; of the wings 44 lines. LINN. PROG.— ZOOLOGY. 10 146 MB. WALKER OK DTPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR, 166. Lonchcea? consbntanea, n. s. Feem. Nigra, nitens, arista nuda, abdomine cyanesccnte-nigro, alis cinereis, halteribus albis. Female. Black, shining ; antennae black, nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, about thrice the length of the 2nd ; arista simple ; abdomen bluish black ; wings grey ; veins black, testaceous at the base ; diseal trausverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres white. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the w ings lines. 167. Lonchcea? atratula, n. s. Fcm. Atra, pubescens, antennis epistoma attingentibus, arista plumosa, abdomine subovato, alis nigri- cantibus. Female. Deep black, pubescent, not shining; antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; abdomen somewhat oval, a little broader but hardly longer than the thorax ; wings blackish ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border, and by about twice its length from the prae- brachial transverse. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3i lines. Gren. Thbessa, n. g. Frem. Corpus breve, crassum. Caput thorace multo latius. Oculi magni. Antenna epistoma fere attingentes; articulus 3 U8 liuearis, 2° plus duplo longior; arista plumosa. Abdomen subovatura, thorace non longius. Pedes longiusculi. Ala parvae. Female. Body short, thick. Head much broader than the thorax ; front wide. Eyes large. Antennas nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose. Thorax a little longer than broad ; scutellum rather prominent. Abdomen nearly oval, not longer than the thorax. Legs rather short. Wings small ; costal vein ending at the tip of the wing ; radial vein very near the costa ; cubital vein ending at a little in front of the tip ; transverse veins much retracted, very short. 168. Thressa signifera, n. s. Foem. Nigra, nitens, capitc cya- neo, antennis pedibusque fulvis, thorace strigis duabus lateralibus albis, femoribus nigris, alis hyalinis apud costam nigris, halteribus albis. Var. ft. Alis apud costam hyalinis macula apicali nigra. Female. Black, shining ; head blue ; antenna; tawny ; thorax with a white transverse streak on each side ; legs tawny ; femora black, with tawny tips ; w ings hyaline, black along the costa ; veins black ; discal transverse vein parted by four times its length from the border, and by six times its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres white. Var. ft. Wings not black along the costa, with the exception of a black apical spot. Length of the body Inline ; of the wings lines. MR WALKER OK DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 147 Gen. OciiTtiipniLA, Fallen , 16M Ochthiphila. discoglauca, n, s. Fcem. Fusea, capite tho- racisque disco glucescente-albidis, arista plumosa, thorace lineis duabus lateral ibus albidis, abdomine liueis transversis vittaque albidis, tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis. Female. Brown ; bead glaucous-whitish ; antennae black, nearly reach- ing the epistoma ; third joint conical, arista plumose ; thorax with a very broad glaucous-whitish stripe, a whitish line on each side and two on each side of the pectus ; abdomen oval, a little shorter than the thorax,- with a whitish band on the hind border of each segment and with a whitish stripe, the whitish hue appearing tawny in some aspects ; tibiae and tarsi reddish ; wings grey ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the prmbrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gen. Celyphus, Balman. 1/0. Celyphus obtectus, Balman . See Vol. I. p. 30. 171. Celyphus scutatus, IVied. See Vol. I. p. 131. Subfam. Ortalides, Holiday. Gen. Lamprogaster, Macq. 1/2. Lamprogaster marginifera. Walk. See Vol. II. p. 111. Gen. Pterogekia Bigot, MSS. Mas et Foem. Platystomati affinis. Corpus breve, latum, erassum. Caput thorace latius, antice planum, genis dilatatis. Antenna; parvac ; articulus 3 U * longi-conicus ; arista plumosa. Thorax subconvexus ; scutellum magnum. Abdomen thorace brevius et angustius. Pedes breves, validi ; tibiae arcuatae. Ala; sat parvse ; alula; maxima;. Mas. Gena; angulatre, valde dilatat®. This genus is allied to Platystoma , and more especially to Trigonosoma. Male and Female. Body short, broad, thick. Head broader than the thorax, flat in front ; vertex broad ; sides of the face or genm dilated ; epistoma rather prominent. Eyes oblong. Antenna; small, resting in the cavity of the broad face ; 3rd joint elongate-conical, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose. Thorax compact, slightly convex; scutellum large, conical. Abdomen short, conical, shorter and narrower than the thorax. Legs short, stout ; tibiae curved, especially the hind pair. Wings rather small ; alulae very large. Male. Sides of the face more dilated than those of the female, and forming an angle or short horn on each side. 173. Pterogenia singu laris. Bigot , MSS. Mas et Fmm. Nigra, nitens, capite flavescentc-albo fasciis quatuor nigris, antennis pallide 10 * 1 18 MR. WALKER 0 V DTPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. luteis basi nigris, abdominis segmentis flavo marginatis, tarsis albis apice nigris, alis subcinereis dimidio basali lutesoente fasciis contiguis fuscis, fascia strigisque exterioribus fuscis, balteribus fulvis. Male and Female. Black, shining. Head yellowish -white, with four black bands ; 1st band on the vertex, broader than the others ; 2nd across the base of the antennae ; 3rd in front of the face ; 4th on the epistoma ; antennae pale luteous, black at the base ; hind borders of the abdominal segments yellow ; sides dark tawny towards the base ; legs pubescent ; tarsi white, with black tips ; wings slightly cinereous ; basal half somewhat luteous, with several partly confluent brown bands, exterior part with one brown band and with several transverse brown streaks ; veins black, pale luteous exteriorly ; discal transverse vein slightly curved outward, parted by about one-third of its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prsebrachial transverse ; alulae w'hite ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Gren. Platystoma, Latr. 174. Platystoma atomarium, n. s. Mas. Cinereum, nigro pul- verosum, facie alba nigro biguttata, antennis pedibusque nigris, arista plumosa, pectore albido, alis nigricantibus guttis plurimis limpidis. Male. Cinereous ; head flat above, w'hite about the eyes ; face white, with a black dot on each side in front ; antennae black, nearly extend- ing to the peristoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; thorax with numerous lines of minute black points ; pectus whitish, with black points ; ab- domen oval, powflered with black, not longer than the thorax ; legs short, stout, black ; wings blackish, covered with limpid dots, except- ing a narrow oblique band on the transverse veins ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by a little more than half its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 21 lines ; of the wings 4$ lines. 175. Platystoma basale, n. s. Fcem. Cinerea, capite lineis tribus albidis, antennis basi nigris, arista plumosa, thorace vittis indistinctis fuscis maculisquc lateralibus nigris testaceo-marginatis, scutello nigro vitta cinerea, abdominis segmentis albido-marginatis, femoribus anticis tibiisque albido fasciatis, alis subcinereis lituris transversis fascia ex- teriore eostam versus dilatata fasciaque subapicali nigricantibus, hal- teribus albis. Female. Cinereous ; head white about the eyes and beneath, and with three whitish lines on the front ; epistoma not prominent ; proboscis large ; antennae black towards the base, not near reaching the epi- stoma ; 3rd joint elongate -conical, about twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; thorax w ith indistinct brown stripes, and on each side MR. WALKER ON DTPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 149 with black shining testaceous-bordered spots ; scutellura black, shining, with a cinereous stripe ; abdomen cinereous-black, oval, tawny on each side at the base, a little shorter and narrower than the thorax ; hind borders of the segments whitish ; legs black ; tibiae and fore femora with a whitish band on each ; wings slightly greyish, with several irregular transverse blackish marks near the base, with a broad exterior blackish band, which is dilated and contains a whitish streak towards the costa, and with an irregular subapieal blackish band; veins black ; discal transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by more than half its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres white. Length of the body lines; of the wings 41 lines. Gen. Daces, Fabr. 1/6. Dacus DivERGENS, n. s. Mas . Purpureus, longus, angustus; fronte tumida, facie carinata fulvo maculata, palpis fulvis, antennis piceis, arista alba subpubescente, thorace vittis tribus einereis, ab- domine fusiformi apieem versus cyliudrico et cyaneo, pedibus piceo- nigris, femoribus fulvis, tarsis posticis rufescentibus, alis einereis apices versus et apud venas transversas fuscis, halteribus albido-flavis, Male. Bluish purple, long, slender; head whitish about the eyes; front tumid, convex ; face keeled, with a large elongated tawmy spot ; palpi tawny; antennae piceous, reaching the epistoma, tawny at the base ; 3rd joint linear, conical at the tip, six times the length of the 2nd ; arista white, minutely pubescent, very much longer than the 3rd joint ; thorax slightly compressed, with three cinereous stripes ; pectus cine- reous; abdomen fusiform, cylindrical, and mostly blue towards the tip, very much longer than the thorax ; legs piceous black ; femora tawny ; hind tarsi reddish except at the tips ; wings cinereous, brown on the fore part towards the tips and about the transverse veins, the brown part including a curved cinereous streak between the cubital and praebrachial veins ; veins black ; praebrachial vein very slightly undulating ; discal transverse vein curved outward, parted by one- fourtli of its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the oblique praebrachial transverse ; halteres whitish yellow. Length of the body 7 hues ; of the w ings 12 lines. The genus Dacus includes many distinct forms, and will probably be soon divided into numerous subgenera ; the characters of the preceding species differ much from those of the type, D. Oleae. Some of the following species may belong to Senopterina, Macq. 177- Dacus addens, n. s. Fvem. Cyaneus, longus, angustus, capite nigro, facie plana perobliqua, arista cinerea nuda, thorace vittis tribus einereis, abdomine seneo-viridi, tibiis tarsis halteribusque nigris, alis einereis apud costam et apud venam transversam discalem nigrican- tibus. 150 MB. WALKER ON DIETER A COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. Female. Blue, long, narrow ; head black, depressed above, white about the eyes ; face very oblique, forming before the front a protuberance on which the antennae are seated, its fore part oblong quadrate, almost flat, with whitish furrows for the antennae ; palpi and antennae black, the latter reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rather obtuse at the tip, six times the length of the 2nd ; arista cinereous, bare, hardly longer than the 3rd joint; thorax with three indistinct cinereous stripes ; abdomen aeneous-green, nearly linear, slightly compressed, much longer than the thorax ; oviduct protuberant, slender ; legs short, stout ; tibiae and tarsi black ; wings grey, blackish along the costa and about the transverse veins; veins and halteres black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by full one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the praebra- chial transverse. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 178. Dacus bilineatus, n. s. Feem. Fulvus, longiusculus, nigvo bivittatus, capite antennisque rufescentibus, arista plumosa, palpis por- rectis ; pedibus breviusculis nigro fasciatis, alis cinereis, costa vena- que transversa discali fusco nebulosis, halteribus testaceis. Female. Tawny, rather long; head reddish in front; epistoma rather prominent ; palpi porrect ; antennae reddish, nearly reaching the epi- stoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, about thrice the length of the 2nd ; arista somewhat plumose ; thorax elongate-elliptical, with two black stripes ; abdomen lanceolate, shining, with two broad black stripes, longer than the thorax ; legs rather short, with diffuse black bands ; wings grey, brownish along the costa and about the discal trausverse vein; veins black, tawny at the base; discal transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the praebra- chial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 179. Dacus imitans, n. s. Fcem. Cyaneus, angustus, capite atro, antennis pedibusque uigris, tarsis posticis basi albidis, alis cinereis, costa vittaque nigris, halteribus piceis. This species is closely allied to D. longivitta, and D. exigens and D. can- trahens belong to the same group. Female. Dark blue, narrow, with slight cinereous tomentum ; head deep black above, white about the eyes ; peristoma very prominent ; pro- boscis large ; antennas black, nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, conical at the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista bare, slender ; abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little longer than the thorax ; oviduct protuberant, slender ; legs black, moderately long ; first joint of the hind tarsi whitish above ; wings cinereous, black along most of the costa to the tips, and black on the space be- tween the cubital and pra:brachial veins as far as the praebrachial transverse vein ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by MB. WALKEB ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 15 1 less than half its length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse ; hal teres piceous. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 180. Dacus exigens, n. s. Mas. Viridescente eyaneus, angustus, capite rufescente piceo, antennis luteis, arista nuda, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, pedibus fulvis, alis einereis striga costali apiceque fuscis, halteribus testaceis. Male. Greenish blue, narrow ; head reddish, piceous above, white about the eyes, black in front ; antennae luteous, reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint slightly lanceolate, full four times the length of the 2nd ; arista slender, simple ; thorax with three cinereous stripes ; abdomen almost cylindrical, much longer than the thorax ; legs tawny ; tarsi black towards the tips ; wings grey, brown at the tips and with a brown streak on the middle of the costa » veins black, tawny towards the base; discal transverse vein straight, upright, clouded with brown, parted by less than half its length from the border, anti by much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3i lines ; of the wings 5£ lines. 181. Dacus contrahens, n. s. Foem. Cyaneus, angustus, capite supra atro apud oeulos albo, antennis luteis, thorace vittis tribus cine- reis, petlibus piceis, alis cinereis vitta costali interrupta nigricante, vena transversa discali nigricante nebulosa, halteribus albidis. Female. Dark blue, narrow ; head deep black above, white about the eyes, piceous in front ; antennae luteous, reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, conical at the tip, about six times the length of the 2nd; arista slender, simple; thorax with three cinereous stripes ; abdomen compressed, a little longer than the thorax ; legs piceous ; wings grey, with a blackish interrupted costal stripe, which is dilated at the tip of the wing ; veins black ; discal transverse vein clouded with blackish, parted by half its length from the border, and by a little more than its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines. 182. Dacus inaptus, n. s. Mas et Fatm. Viridis, capite atro, facie fulva basi alba, antennis piceis, pedibus halteribusque nigris, alis an- gustis cinereis. Male and Female. Green, with slight cinereous tomentum ; head deep black, white about the eyes ; face tawny, white at the base ; antennae piceous, reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint lanceolate, full four times the length of the 2nd ; arista bare, long, slender ; thorax long, slightly compressed ; abdomen slightly compressed at the base, linear, nar- rower and a little shorter than the thorax in the male, fusiform ami much attenuated towards the tip in the female ; legs black, moderately long ; wings narrow, cinereous ; veins black, straight ; discal trans- verse vein straight, upright, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by almost twice its length from the praebrachial trans- 152 ME. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. verse 3 ha] teres black. Length of the body 3-£-4] lines; of the wings 6—8 lines. 183. Dacus terminifer, n. s. Fcem. Niger, nitens, ^reviusculus, eapite rufescente, antennis fulvis, arista nuda, scutello pectorisque maculis duabus flavis, pedibus breviusculis, tibiis anterioribus femori- bus posticis basi tarsisque albidis, alis vitreis, striga costali puncto apieali vittaque postica nigricantibus, halteribus testaeeis. Female. Black, shining, rather short ; head reddish above ; antennae tawny, reaching the epistoina ; 3rd joint linear, piceous towards the tip, which is rounded, about six times tlve length of the 2nd j arista slender, bare ; scutellum dull yellow ; pectus with an oblique yellow spot on each side ; abdomen hardly broader than long, a little broader and shorter than the thorax ; legs rather short ; tarsi and anterior tibiae whitish ; hind femora whitish towards the base ; wings vitreous, with a short black stripe extending from the base to near the hind bor- der ; costa with a blackish streak in the middle and with a blackish apical point ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about one-third of its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prsebrachial transverse, which is oblique and unusually long ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2| lines ; of the wings 5 lines. 184. Dacus emittens, 11. s. Mias et Foem. Fulvus, facie brevi nigro biguttata, antennis pallide luteis, arista nuda, thorace lineis quinque rufescentibus, disco nonnunquam nigricante-cinereo, scutello callisque humeralibus flavis, abdomine nigro-fasciato, alis vitreis fusco plus minusve strigatis, halteribus albido-testaceis. Male and Female. Tawny, convex, minutely pubescent; face short, with a black dot on each side ; antenna; pale luteous, reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint linear, conical at the tip, full four times the length of the 2nd ; arista slender, bare, much longer than the 3rd joint ; thorax with five reddish lines * scutellum and humeral calli yellow ; metathorax with a blackish mark on each side ; abdomen short, oval, broader than the thorax, concave beneath, from whence in the female the lanceolate apical part proceeds ; a protuberance on each side at the base, and a black middle band, behind which there is a slight longitu- dinal black line ; wings vitreous, lurid and partly brown along the costa, brown along the subanal vein, and brown about the tips, except- ing most of the space between the discal transverse vein and the bor- der ; veins tawny, partly black, slightly deviating ; discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by about one-third of its length from the border, and by more than its length from the oblique and rather long prjcbrachial transverse ; halteres whitish testaceous. Var. /3. Abdo- men with two black bands. Var. y, Male. Discal transverse vein not clouded with brown. Var. 8, Male. Prsebracliial transverse vein clouded with brown. Var. e, Male. Disk of the thorax blackish grey ; wings vitreous, excepting a slight brown line along the costa. MU. WALKER ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 153 and another along the sulmual vein. Var. (, Male. Abdomen with a black interrupted subapical band. Length of the body 3-6 lines ; of the wings 5-10 lines. This species is closely allied to D. ferrugineus and to D. trivittatus, but may be distinguished by the luteous hue along the costa. 185. Dacus diffusus, n. s. Fcem. Testaceus, facie nigro fasciata, palpis nigro notatis, thoracis vittis duabus angustis abbreviate et metathoracis fasciis duabus angustis nigris, abdomine fusiformi, alis subcinereis apud venas fuscescente subnebulosis. Female. Testaceous, not shining ; head paler about the eyes, with a black baud on the face near the epistoma ; palpi with a black mark on each outer side ; antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than four times the length of the 2nd ; arista bare ; thorax with two narrow abbreviated black stripes ; metathorax with two slender black bands ; abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little longer than the thorax ; legs moderately long j wings slightly greyish, irregularly clouded w ith very pale brown about the veins ; the latter black, testaceous towards the base; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much less than its length from the praebrachial transverse, which is undulating and very oblique. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 186. Dacus fulvitarsis, n. s. Fcem. Niger, longiuseulus, capite apud oculos albo, antennis piceis, abdomine lauceolato, femoribus basi fulvis, metatarsis subdilatis, tarsis posterior’bus fulvis, alis cinereis nigricaute nebulosis, halteribus testaceis. Female. Black, rather long and narrow ; head u hite about the eyes ; face small ; antennae piceous, short ; 3rd joint nearly round, a little longer than broad ; arista long, bare ; thorax elongate ; abdomen lan- ceolate, longer than the thorax ; femora tawny at the base ; metatarsi slightly dilated ; posterior tarsi tawny, with black tips ; wings grey, partly clouded with blackish; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about twice its length from the border, and by about thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse ; hal- teres testaceous. Length of the body 2\ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gren. Callantra, n. g. Fcem. Corpus convexum. Caput thorace vix angustius. Palpi distiucti, porrecti. Antennee long®, petiolo aut articulo 1° communi, arista nuda. Thorax brevis. Abdomen petiolatum, postice ovatum et valde convexum, subtus concavum. Pedes medioeres. Alee sat angustsc. Female. Body convex. Head almost as broad as the thorax ; face ver- tical ; palpi distinct, porrect ; antennae long, seated on a common petiole or first joint, with which the succeeding part forms a right angle ; 3rd joint very slightly increasing in breadth from the base to 154- MB. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR, the tip, full thrice the length of the 2nd joint, which is rather long ; arista bare, slender, a little longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax short. Abdomen peti dated, oval and very convex hind ward, concave beneath, very much longer than the thorax. Legs moderately long. Wings rather narrow. 187. Callantra smieroides, n. s. Fam . Fulva, facie nigro-bigut- tata, antenuis testaceis, thoracis fascia, scutello, callis duobus huine- ralibus, pectoris lituris duabus, abdominis fasciis duabus lituraque subapicali flavis, alis subeinereis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus testaceis. Female . Tawny ; head testaceous about the eyes ; face with a black dot on each side; antennae testaceous, extending beyond the epistoma ; thorax with two yellow humeral ealli, and with a yellow band which is continued on each side of the pectus, the latter having a yellow mark on each side hindward ; scutellum yellow ; abdomen with the hind borders of the 1st and 2nd segments yellow; a yellow capitate sub- apical mark, which is dilated on each side ; wings slightly grey, brown- ish along the costa ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; a lurid tinge along the subanal vein ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prEebrachial transverse ; halteres testa- ceous. Length of the body 4£ lines ; of the wings 7 k lines. Gen. Aragara, n. g. Faun. Corpus nngustum. Caput supra planum, thorace latius; facies valde retracta. Antenna brevissimse ; articulus 3 U ® subrotundus ; arista nuda. Thorax longus, subcorapressus. Abdomen ovation, thorace brevius. Pedes antici raptorii, coxis longissimis, femoribus incrassatis. Alee sat angustae. Allied to Dacus. Female. Body narrow. Head flat above, broader than the thorax ; face much retracted. Antennae very short ; 3rd joint nearly round, a little longer than the 2nd ; arista bare, slender. Thorax long, slightly com- pressed. Abdomen oval, shorter but hardly broader than the thorax. Fore legs raptorious ; coxae very long ; femora incrassated ; tibiae shorter than the femora to which they are applied. Posterior legs moderately long and stout. Wings rather narrow. 188. Aragara crassipes, n. s. Foem . Cinereo-nigra, capite cyaneo, tarsis testaceis, alis cinereis, halteribus albis. Female. Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum ; head blue, shining, luteous on each side in front ; antenna: black ; thorax cine- reous on each side ; tarsi testaceous, with black tips ; wings grey ; veins black ; prtebracliial vein and subanal vein very near each other from the base to the discal transverse vein, which is straight and parted Mil. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 155 by four times its length from the border, and by more than four times its length from the pnebrachial transverse ; halteres white. Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 4 lines. Gen. Enicoptera, Macq. 189. Enicoptera pictipennis, n. s. Mas. Fulva, longa, nitens, pubescens, capite luteo vitta lata, litura antiea arcuata maculisque duabus lateralibus nigris, palpis nigro notatis, antennisbasi nigro gut- tatis apiee nigricantibus, abdomine longi-fusiformi nigricante basi ful- vo, alis longis luteis apud costam nigris postice cinercis, vittis quatuor deviis fuscis. Male. Tawny, long, shining, pubescent, testaceous beneath ; head pale luteous, with a broad black stripe, which is dilated on each side ; a black U-shaped mark about the face, which is black ; a large black spot on each side of the peristoma; palpi partly black; antennae blackish at the tips, and with a black dot on each at the base ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; pectus with a minute blackish mark on each side in front ; abdomen blackish, except towards the base, elongate-fusiform, much longer and narrower than the thorax ; legs long, testaceous, minutely pubescent ; wings long, luteous, cinereous along the inner part of the hind border; black along the exterior part of the costa and with four irregular brown stripes which are abbreviated towards the base, the first also interrupted ; veins luteous, black in the dark parts; radial vein undulating; cubital vein hardly undulating ; prae- brachial vein curved and inclined forward towards its tip ; discal trans- verse vein very oblique, slightly curved outwards, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prcebrachial transverse. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 190. Enicoptera tortuosa, n. s. Mas . Fulva, longa, nitens, pubes- cens, facie argenteo bistrigata, thoracis vittis duabus fasciaque metatho- race pectorisque disco nigris, abdomine lineari vittis duabus ventralibus nigris, alis longis vitreis subdilatatis, vitta costali fulva nigricante ne- bulosa, apice furcata, vittis duabus obliquis llavo-fuscis. Male. Tawny, long, shining, minutely pubescent ; head depressed above, with a silvery streak on each side of the face ; antennae reach- ing the cpistoma ; 3rd joint linear, slightly and obliquely truncated at the tip, full four times the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; thorax with an irregular black stripe along each side, and with a black band adjoining the scutellum ; metathorax and disc of the pectus black ; abdomen linear, much longer and narrower than the thorax, w ith a black stripe beneath ; legs long, minutely pubescent ; w ings long, vitreous, somewhat dilated, taw ny and partly shaded with black- ish along the costa ; this costal stripe dilated towards the base, and emitting a fork towards the tip ; two oblique brown and yellow stripes, 156 ME. WAL1CEE ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAB. which part from the hind border, are united on the praebracliial trans- verse vein, and there join the costal stripe, the exterior one very short ; veins black ; radial vein excessively contorted towards its tip ; cubital vein straight till near its tip, where it is inclined hindward, and is slightly undulating ; prsebrachial vein very undulating exteriorly ; sub- anal vein straight i discal transverse vein very oblique, nearly straight, parted by full one-fourth of its length from the border, and by full half its length from the prsebrachial transverse, which is straight, up- right, and unusually long. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 16 lines, Enicoptera jlava, Macq. (Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 3, 63), the type of this genus, inhabits Java, and is closely allied to E. tortuosa, and may be a local variety of the latter species, but differs from the character and figure. Macquart states that his description was taken from an ap- parently immature specimen. 191. Enicoptera arcuosa, n. s. Mas. Fulva, Ionga, nitens, pubes- cens, capite pallide luteo vitta lata biramosa fasciaque antica nigris, thoracis lineolis duabus maeulisque duabus anterioribus pectorisque lituris duabus nigris, abdomiue fusiformi, alis longis lutescentibus sat angustis apices versus fuscis postice cinereis, vitta discali albida, fascia exteriore alba antice furcata et arcuata. Male. Tawny, long, shining, minutely pubescent ; head pale luteous, with a broad black stripe which emits an oblique branch on each side to the eye, and with a black band by the epistoma; antennae nearly reaching the epistoma j 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, thrice the length of the 2nd; arista plumose; thorax with two short black lines, each with a black spot in front ; pectus w ith a black mark on each side ; abdomen fusiform, longer but hardly narrower than the thorax ; legs long, hardly pubescent ; wings long, rather narrow', somewhat luteous, brown towards the tips, grey along the hind border, with a short whitish diseal stripe which terminates in a w'hite band, the latter ab- breviated hindward and forked in front, the exterior fork much curved and terminating behind the tip of the wing ; veins taw ny, black towards the tips; radial vein slightly undulating opposite the prsebrachial transverse vein ; the other veins straight ; diseal transverse vein slightly oblique, slightly curved outward, parted by full one-third of its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. 192. Enicoptera? plagifera, n. s. Foem. Testacea, longiuscula, frontis puncto nigro, facie nigricante-cinerea, palpis nigro guttatis, antennis luteis, thoracis lineis tribus strigisque duabus exterioribus, metatborace pectorisque lituris nigris, abdomiue fusiformi fasciis dua- bus basalihus nigris ; alis vitreis longiusculis, strigis duabus basalibus fasciis duabus plagaque subapicali fuscis. Female. Testaceous, rather long, not shining, with a few black bristles ; MR. WALKER OF DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 157 head a little narrower than the thorax, with a black point on the front ; face blackish grey ; palpi with a black dot on each outer side ; an- tennae pale luteous, not reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista bare ; thorax with three black lines and with two short and more ex- terior black streaks ; metathorax black, shining ; pectus with some black marks on each side ; abdomen fusiform, hardly longer than the thorax, with two black bands near the base ; legs moderately long ; wings vitreous, rather long, with two narrow brown bands, the interior band emitting two brown streaks to the base of the wing, the exterior band curved, continued along the costa to the tip of the radial vein, the space beyond it mostly occupied by an elliptical brown patch ; veins black, straight ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by more than half its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the oblique pnebrachial transverse. Length of the body 4 1 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. Gen. Orta lis, Fallen. The two following species belong to a new group of Ortalis, and will probably form a distinct genus. 193. Ortalis decatomoides, n. s. Mas. Obscure rufa, tliorace brevi, abdomine nigro, fusiformi, basi rufo, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioiibus basi albidis, tibiis postieis nigris, alis subcinereis, macula apicali fasciisque duabus nigricantibus. Male. Dull red ; head rather large, a little broader than the thorax, blackish on each side of the face ; antennae wanting ; thorax short ; abdomen black, shining, fusiform, red at the base, a little narrower but hardly longer than the thorax ; legs tawny ; posterior femora whitish at the base ; hind tibiae black ; wings slightly greyish, rather convex along the hind border, blackish at the tips, and with two blackish bands ; first band rather oblique ; veins black ; prfebrachial vein and cubital vein slightly curved and approximating towards the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, short, parted by much more than its length from the border, and by full twice its length from the prmbrachial transverse, which is extremely short ; Length of the body 1± line; of the wings 2\ lines. 194. Ortalis vacillans, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, arista pubeseente, ab- domine nigro postice lanceolate, alis limpidis, costa striga basali fas- ciisque tribus nigricantibus. Closely allied to D. decatomoides. Female. Taw ny, shining ; head full as broad as the thorax ; epistoma slightly prominent ; antenna; nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, conical towards the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista pubescent ; abdomen black, a little longer than the thorax, lanceolate hindward ; wings limpid, blackish along the costa, with a blackish streak, and with three slen- 158 ME. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. der blackish bands; 1st band short, oblique, abbreviated hindward by the end of the basal streak ; 2nd curved, slightly abbreviated hindward ; 3rd nearly straight, entire ; discal transverse vein upright, nearly straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the prsebrachial transverse. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gren. Try pet a, Meigen. 195. Trypeta basi fascia. Ftem. Ferruginea, longiuscula, capite an- tennisque luteis, arista plmnosa, metathorace nigro, pectoris disco nigricante, abdomine nigro basi fulvo, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, femoribus posterioribus nigricantibus, alis nigris albo notatis basi vitreis. Female . Ferruginous, shining, rather long ; head luteous, white about the eyes, narrower than the thorax ; face rather long ; sides of the peristoma slightly dilated ; antenna; luteous, very short, not extending to half the length of the face ; 3rd joint conical, much longer than the 2nd ; arista plumose ; metathorax black ; disk of the pectus blackish ; abdomen black, fusiform, tawny towards the base, a little longer than the thorax ; legs and halteres taw ny ; posterior femora blackish ; wings black, mostly vitreous towards the base, with two white spots on the costa, with two on the hind border, and with four or live trans- verse white dots on the disk; veins black, tawny at the base; diseal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the praebra- chial transverse. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 196. Trypeta nigrifascia, n. s. Mas. Fulva, capite antennisque pallide luteis, arista plumosa, thoracis lineis duabus et fascia metatho- raceque nigris, abdomine elliptico, alis vitreis latiuseulis, vitta costali fulva vittaque postica fusca. Male, Tawmy, shining ; head pale luteous, whitish on the face and about the eyes ; antennae pale luteous, not near reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint elongate-conical, about twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose; thorax with an irregular black line on each side, and with a black band in front of the scutellum ; metathorax black ; abdomen elliptical, much shorter and a little narrower than the thorax ; wings vitreous, rather broad, with a broad tawny stripe, which occupies the whole base and extends beyond the tip along the costa, w here it con- tains some grey marks ; a brown stripe near the hind border, abruptly angular exteriorly ; veins tawmy ; discal transverse nearly straight and upright, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prsebracliial transverse. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 19/. Trypeta lativentris, n. s. Mas. Fusca, lata, depressa, ca- pite, antennis, scutello abdomineque rufescentibus, arista subpubes- MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 159 cente, abdominc vitta interrupta nigra, pedibus testaceis, femoribus nigricantibus postice cinereis, lituris costalibus et raarginalibus vitreis. Male, Brown, rather broad and flat ; head reddish, a little narrower than the thorax, testaceous on the face and about the eyes ; face quite flat ; antenna; reddish, not near reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista minutely pubescent ; thorax with black bristles on each side ; scutellum aud abdomen dark reddish, the latter broader and not longer than the thorax, with a black stripe which is interrupted on the hind border of each segment ; legs testaceous ; femora blackish, testaceous towards the tips ; wings blackish, rather broad, cinereous along the basal part of the hind border, with two small vitreous marks towards the tip of the costa, and with three vitreous marks hindward, the middle one much larger than the other two; veins black ; discal trans- verse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by a little less than half its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the praebrachial transverse ; alulae and halteres testaceous. Length of the body lines ; of the wings 5 lines. 198. Trypeta stellipennis, n. s. Mas et Foem. Ferruginea, capite antennisque pallide luteis, arista plumosa, metatlioraee nigricante, abdominc fusiformi, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, alis nigricantibus latiusculis, guttis marginalibus punctisque discalibus albis. Male and Female. Ferruginous, paler beneath ; head pale luteous, not so broad as the thorax ; epistoma not prominent ; antennae pale luteous, not near reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, full twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; metathorax blackish ; abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little longer than the thorax ; ovi- duct of the female cylindric-lanceolate ; legs and halteres testaceous ; wings blackish, rather broad, white at the tips, with white marginal dots and with white discal points ; veins black ; discal transverse vein upright, nearly straight, parted by a little more than one-fourth of its length from the border, and by about its length from the praebrachial transverse, which is rather long. Length of the body 2|-3$ lines ; of the wings 5-6 lines. 199. Trypeta amplifennis, n. s. Fcem. Cinerea, capite antennis pedibus halteribusque fulvis, arista nuda, abdomine nigro fusiformi basi fulvo apicem versus laneeolato, alis nigris latissimis albo guttatis. Female. Cinereous, dull; head tawny, whitish about the eyes; face flat ; antennm tawny, very short, not extending beyond half the length of the face; 3rd joint conical, a little longer than the 2nd; arista bare; abdomen fusiform, black, shining, tawny towards the base, lan- ceolate towards the tip, a little narrower and much longer than the thorax ; legs and halteres tawny ; wings black, very broad, with a white apical spot, with some white marginal and discal dots, and with two larger white transverse costal marks ; veins black, tawny at the 160 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. base ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about half its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 3 lines j of the wings 6 lines. 200. Trypeta approximans, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, nitens, capite ru- feseente, facie cinerea, abdomine elliptico apicem versus lanceolato, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, alis nigricantibus albo maeulatis. Female . Black, shining ; head reddish ; face cinereous ; abdomen ellip- tical, lanceolate towards the tip, much longer than the thorax ; legs tawny ; femora black ; wings blackish, with two white triangular spots on the costa, with three white dots on the disk, with three white streaks on the hind border, and with two white subapical streaks ; veins black ; discal transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body H line ; of the wings 24 lines. Gen. Sophira, Walk. 201. Sophira bistriga, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, capite luteo, arista plu- mosa, thorace pectoreque nigro maeulatis, metatliorace vittis duabus nigris, abdomine fusiformi maculis lateralibus nigris, oviductu lanceo- lato, alis nigricantibus albo bifasciatis basi fulvis. Female. Tawny, shining; head luteous, hardly as broad as the thorax, white about the eyes ; antennae tawny, not near reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joiut elongate-conical, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; thorax with four large black spots ; metathorax with two black stripes ; pectus with two elongated black spots on each side ; abdomen fusiform, with a long lanceolate flat oviduct, much longer than the thorax ; each segment with two large lateral black spots ; wings blackish, tawny tow ards the base, with two white bands, the exterior band curved outward in front, and not extending to the costa ; veius black, tawny towards the base ; discal transverse vein curved outward, parted by full one-fourth of its length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the praebrachial trans- verse. Length of the body 44 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Gen. Palloptera, Fallen. 202. Palloptera detracta, n. s. Mas. Testacea, capite apud oculos cinereo, arista subpubescente, abdomine guttis duabus lateralibus sub- apicalibus nigris, alis cinereis. Male. Testaceous ; head pale cinereous behind and about the eyes ; antennse short, tawny ; arista very minutely pubescent ; abdomen oval, not longer than the thorax, with a black dot on each side of the sub- apical segment ; wings grev ; veins black, testaceous at the base ; MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKE8SAR. 161 discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by hardly half its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 21 lines ; of the wings 5 lines. Subfam. DropsiDEs, Walk. Gen. Diopsis, Linn 203. Diopsis subnotata, IVestw. Orient. Ent. pi. 18. f. 2. Inhabits also the Philippine Islands. 204. Diopsis detrahens, u. s. Fcem. Nigra, capite ex parte ferru- gineo, oeulorum petiolis breviusculis, abdomine snbtus lurido, coxis femoribusque fulvis, his apice nigris, alis nigricantibus macula sub- costal! alba. Female. Black ; head partly ferruginous ; petioles of the eyes each equal in length to the space between them ; abdomen lurid beneath ; coxae and femora tawny, the latter with black tips ; wings blackish, with a white subcostal spot towards the tip ; veins black ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 2|- lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Subfam. Sepsides, Walk. Gen. Calobata, j Fair. 205. Calobata resoluta, n. s. Mas. Nigra, abdomine lineari longo, segmentis albido inarginatis, pedibus longissimis, femorihus posteri- oribus testaceo trifasciatis, femoribus anticis basi coxisque anticis tes- taceis, tarsis anticis albis, alis cinereis apices versus obscurioribus fascia subapicali albida. Male. Black, slightly shining ; pectus with an oblique cinereous band on each side ; abdomen linear, pale beneath, much narrower than the thorax, and nearly twice its length, hind borders of the segments whitish ; legs black, very long ; posterior femora with three testaceous bands ; fore femora at the base, and fore coxae, testaceous ; fore tarsi white ; wings dark grey, blackish grey on each side of a whitish sub- apical band ; veins black : discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about half its length from the border, and by more than four times its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 6 lines; of the w r ings 10 lines. 206. Calobata impingens, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Obscure cyanea, antennis rufis, abdomine subtus ferrugineo segmentis albo marginatis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque anticis nigris, illis basi fulvis, feraori- bus posterioribus nigro trifasciatis, tibiis tarsisque posterioribus ob- scure fulvis, tarsis anticis albis basi nigris, alis cinereis fusco bifas- ciatis. Male and Female. Dark blue ; head white about the eyes ; antennae red ; abdomen lanceolate, ferruginous beneath, narrower and very LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 11 162 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKES3AE, much longer than the thorax, hind borders of the segments white ; legs tawny, very long ; posterior coxae and fore tibiae black ; posterior femora with three black bands ; fore femora black, tawny towards the base ; posterior tibiae and posterior tarsi dark tawny ; fore tarsi white, black at the base ; wings grey, with two brown bands, the second apical ; veins black ; cubital vein and praebrachial vein converging to the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by more than thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Var. : Bands of the wings broader and more complete. Length of the body 4-5 lines ; of the wings 7-8 lines. This species is erroneously recorded as C. indica in Vol. III. p. 124. 207. Calobata bifasciata, n. s. Fcewi. Nigra, longissima, gracil- lima, capite litura transversa albida, arista breviuscula basi robusta, abdominis dimidio antico subclavato fasciis duabus cinereis, dimidio postico lanceolato, femoribus posticis basi albidis apice rufescentibus, tarsis anticis albis apice nigris, alis cinereis nigricante bifasciatis. Female. Black, very long and slender ; head with a whitish transverse mark in front of the face, which is very short ; 3rd joint of the an- tenna; elongate-conical, more than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista rather short, stout towards the base ; thorax attenuated in front ; ab- domen more than twice the length of the thorax, broadest in the mid- dle, subclavate to half its length, lanceolate from thence to the tip, tw o cinereous bands on the basal half ; legs long ; hind femora whitish at the base, reddish at the tips ; fore tarsi white, with black tips ; wings grey, slightly blackish at the tips, and with two blackish bands, the second broader and more complete than the first ; veins black ; cubi- tal vein and praebrachial vein slightly converging towards the tip of the w ing ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by less than its length from the border, and by more than thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Gen. Cardiacephala, Macq. 208. Cardiacephala varipes, n. s. Mas. Testacea, graeillima, ca- pite subelongato, antennis pallide rufis basi nigris, thorace antico attenuato, abdomine lineari apicem versus tumido, femoribus inter- mediis subincrassatis, libiis intermediis nigris, tarsis intermediis albis apice nigris, alis pallide fnsceseentibus, basi fasciaque cinerascentibus. Male. Testaceous, very slender; head somewhat elongated; antenna; pale red, black at the base ; thorax long, attenuated in front ; abdo- men linear, tumid towards the tip, narrower and much longer than the thorax ; legs very long ; fore legs much shorter and more slender than the others ; middle femora slightly incrassated, except towards the tips ; middle tibiae black ; middle tarsi white, with black tips ; wings MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR, 163 pale brownish, greyish towards the base and with a greyish band beyond the discal transverse vein ; veins hlack, testaceous towards the base ; cubital vein and pnebrachial vein slightly converging towards the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border, and by about thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 6 lines. Gen, Sepsis, Fallen . 209. Sepsis testacea, n. s. Mas et Fa j m. Testacea aut fulva, an- tennispallide rufis, abdomine subpubescente, alis cinerascentibus, costa basali nigra. Var. £. Abdomine piceo basi fulvo. Male and Female. Testaceous or tawny, slightly setose ; antennae pale red, 3rd joint conical, about twice the length of the 2nd ; abdomen slightly pubescent -, wings greyish, black along the costa towards the base ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by a little more than its length from the border, and by more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Var. ft : Abdomen piceous, tawny towards the base. Length of the body 2-3 lines ; of the wings 3-4 lines. 210. Sepsis frontalis, n, s. Mas. Nigra, capite antico, antennis, pedibus anticis femoribusque posterioribus basi testaceis, alis vitreis. Frm. Fulva, abdomine nigro. Male. Black, shining ; head in front and antennae testaceous ; fore legs testaceous; posterior femora testaceous towards the base ; wings vitre- ous ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by twice its length from the border, and from the praebrachial transverse. Female. Tawny ; abdomen black. Length of the body 1 line ; of the wings 2 lines. 211. Sepsis fascipes, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, subuitens, antennis pallide rufis, abdomine fusiformi postice attenuato, pedibus albis, tibiis inter- mediis femoribusque nigris, tibiis posticis basi apiceque nigris, alis cinereis macula apicali nigra. Female , Black, slightly shining; antennae pale red, very short, 3rd joint conical ; abdomen fusiform, lanceolate and much attenuated towards the tip, much longer than the thorax ; legs white ; femora and middle tibiae black ; hind tibiae black at the base and at the tips ; wings grey, with a black spot at the tip of the costa ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by its length from the border, and by full twice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body £ hue ; of the wings 3 lines. 212. Sepsis revocans, n. s. Fcem. Cupreo-nigra, antennis nigris, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, alis subcinerascentibus basi nigri- cantibus. Female. Cupreous-black, shining ; antennae black, very short ; legs 11 * 164 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. testaceous ; wings slightly greyish, blackish at the base of the costa ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by more than twice its length from the border, and by less than twice its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 1 \ line ; of the wings 2 lines. Subfam. Psilides, Walk . G-en. Micropeza, Macq. 213. Micropeza fragilis, Walk. See Vol. I. p. 37. Gen. Ccenurgia, n. g. Mas. Corpus gracile. Caput elongatnm, antice eonieum. Antenna: porrectae ; articulus S' 1 ® lanceolatus ; arista apicalis, sat robusta. Tho- rax linearis. Abdomen fusiforme, tborace vix angustius, non longius. Pedes longi; femora lata, compressa ; tarsi antici articulo 1° dilatato fusiformi. Alee breviusculae, sat angustse. Allied to Nerius. Male. Body slender. Head elongate, conical in front, as broad as the thorax. Antennae porrect ; 1st and 2nd joints short; 3rd lanceolate; arista rather stout, apical, larger than all the preceding joints. Thorax linear. Abdomen fusiform, hardly narrower and not longer than the thorax. Legs long, femora broad, compressed ; fore tarsi with the first joint dilated, fusiform. Wings rather short and narrow. 214. Ccenurgia remipes, n. s. Mas. Fulva, capite guttis tribus nigris, antennis basi nigris, arista alba, thorace maculis duabus nigris, pedibus nigris, coxis femoribusque luteis apice nigris, alis flavo-cinereis, halteribus apice nigris. Male. Tawny ; head with a black spot on the vertex, and with two black dots on each side, one in front, the other behind ; antenna; black towards the base ; arista white ; thorax with a black spot on each side in front ; legs black ; coxae and femora luteous, with black tips ; wings grey, tinged with yellow ; veins black ; cubital vein and praebrachial vein converging towards the tip of the wing; discal trans- verse vein straight, oblique, parted by less than its length from the border, and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial trans- verse ; halteres with black knobs. Length of the body 3 J lines ; of the wings 5| lines. Gen. Nerius, Wied. 215. Nerius fuscipennis, Macq. See Vol. I. p. 38. Gen. Seraca, n. g. Fcem. Corpus longiusculum. Caput transversum, thorace vix angustius. Antennae breves, articulo 3° conico, arista plumosa. Thorax ellip- MR. WALKER ON D1PTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 165 ticus. Abdomen ellipticum. Pedes mediocres. Alee longiusculse, latiusculae. Female. Body rather long. Head transverse, nearly as broad as the thorax ; epistoma not prominent. Antennae short, not near reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint conical, much longer than the 2nd ; arista plumose. Thorax and abdomen elliptical, about equal in length. Legs moderately long and slender. Wings rather long and broad. 216. feERACA signifera, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, thorace vittis quatuor metathorace vittis duabus abdomine maculis lateralibus nigris, alis obscure fuscis albo quinquesignatis apud costam nigricantibus basi flavis. Female. Tawny, shining • head testaceous about the eyes ; thorax with four black stripes, the outer pair incomplete ; metathorax with two black stripes ; abdomen w ith a row of black spots along each side ; wings dark brown, blackish along the costa, yellow at the base, with five lanceolate white marks, two of these resting on the costa, the third between them near the hind border, the fourth exterior, discal, slender, oblique, the fifth on the hind border near the tip ; veins black, tawny at the base ; discal transverse vein curved outward, parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the prmbrachial transverse. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 217. Seraca signata, n. s. Fcem. Testacea, longiuscula, epistomate guttis duabus nigris, arista plumosa, abdomine postice attenuato ma*- culis duabus lateralibus subapicalibus, alis eineraseentibus, costa ex- teriore nigricante. Female. Testaceous, shining, rather long ; head nearly as broad as the thorax, with a black dot on each side of the epistoma ; antenna; short, 3rd joint elongate-conical, arista plumose; thorax elliptical; abdo- men attenuated hindward, longer than the thorax, with a black spot on each side of the 5th segment ; wings greyish, blackish along the apical half of the costa; veins testaceous, black towards the tips; discal transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by hardly more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 3% lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Gen. Psila, Meigen. 218. Psila bipunctifera, n. s. Feem. Testacea, facie nigro bipune- tata, antennarum articulo 3° Jongiconico, arista pubescente, abdomine guttis duabus apicalibus nigris, alis pallide cinereis flavo suffusis. Female. Testaceous ; head somewhat pilose beneath, with a black point on each side of the face ; 3rd joint of the antenna; elongate-conical, about twice the length of the 2nd ; arista pubescent ; thorax elongate, somewhat flat above; abdomen fusiform, a little longer than the thorax ; 166 ME. WALKER ON D1PTERA COLLECTED AT MAKE3SAK. 5th segment with a black dot on each side ; wings pale cinereous, tinged with yellow; veins yellow; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by hardly more than one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prtebrachial transverse. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 219. Psila munda, n. s. Mas et Foem. Nigra, nitens, facie testacea nigro notata, antennis testaceis basi nigris, arista plumosa, thoraee subcinerascente, scutello obscure testaceo, pedibus testaceis, alis cine- reis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus albidis. Male and Female. Black, shining; head testaceous, blackish above; disk of the face black, shining : antennae short, testaceous, black at the base ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, about twice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose : thorax linear, with slight cinereous tomentum ; scutellum dull testaceous ; abdomen fusiform, a little longer than the thorax ; legs testaceous ; wings grey, blackish along the costa towards the tips ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about half its length from the border, and by nearly thrice its length from the priebraehial transverse ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 2$-3 lines ; of the wings 4-5 lines. Gen. Texara, Walk. 220. Texara dioctrioides, n. s. Mas et Foem. Nigra, longa, gra- cilis, capite nigro-cyaneo, tliorace vittis quatuor cinereis, segrnen- torum abdominalium lateribus albo marginatis, pedibus fulvo fasciatis, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis. Male and Female. Black, long, slender ; head bluish-black, white about the eyes in front ; antennae of the male pieeous, of the female tawny, 3rd joint round, arista minutely pubescent; thorax with four cine- reous stripes ; abdomen about twice the length of the thorax, cylin- drical towards the base, subclavate in the male and elongate-fusiform in the female liindward : hind borders of the segments white on each side ; fore femora, hind tibiae and hind tarsi tawny at the base ; mid- dle legs and hind femora tawny, the latter with a broad black band ; fore tibiae white, black at the base ; wings grey ; veins black ; discal ti’ansverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border, and by almost four times its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4-4$ lines ; of the wings 6-7 lines. Gen. Gobrya, n. g. Mas. Corpus gracillimum. Caput thoraee multo latius ; frons sat an- gusta ; facies plana. Oeuli magni. Antennee brevissimae ; articulus 3 US conicus ; arista pubescens. Thorax sat parvus. Abdomen cylin- drieum, gracillimum, apice clavatum, thoraee duplo longius. Pedes graciles ; anteriores breves ; postici longiusculi. Alee perangustae. MU. walker on dipteka collected at makessar. 167 Male. Body very slender. Head much broader than the thorax ; front rather narrow ; face vertical, flat ; eyes large, prominent. Antenna? very short ; 3rd joint conical, longer than the 2nd ; arista pubescent. Thorax rather small. Abdomen clavate, about twice the length of the thorax, cylindrical and very slender till near its tip. Legs slender ; anterior legs short ; hind legs rather long. Wings very narrow ; dis- cal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by more than its length from the border, and by more than four times its length from the praebrachial transverse. 221. Gobrya bacchoides, n. s. Mas. Cyanea, nitens, antenuis pe- dibusque pallide flavis, abdomine nigro fasciis duabus flavis, femoribus posterioribus tibiisque posticis nigris, tarsis posticis basi nigris, alis vix cinerascentibus, halteribus flavis apice nigris. Male. Blue, shining j proboscis, antenna?, and legs pale yellow ; abdo- men black, with two pale yellow bands, the hind one very slender ; posterior femora and hind tibiae black, the former pale yellow at both ends ; middle tibiae and tarsi wanting ; hind tarsi black towards the base ; wings hardly greyish, apical third part brown ; veins black ; halteres pale yellow, with black knobs. Length of the body 2J lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Subftun. Oscinides, Holiday . Gen. Oscinis, Fair. 222. Oscinis femorata, n. s. Mas. Atra, nitens, capite nigro-cya- neo, femoribus anterioribus basi, tibiis anterioribus apice, tarsis hal- teribusque flavis, femoribus posticis incrassatis, alis cinerascentibus. Male . Deep black, shining ; head bluish-black ; abdomen conical, shorter than the thorax ; legs black ; anterior femora at the base, anterior tibiae at the tips, and tarsi yellow ; hind femora incrassated ; wings greyish ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by more than its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres yellow. Length of the body li line ; of the wings 2 lines. Gen. Piophila, Fallen . 223. Piophila contecta, n. s. Fam. Nigra, nitens, oviductu lan- ceolate, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, pedibus anticis nigris, femoribus basi fulvis, alis cinereis. Female . Black, shining ; oviduct prominent, lanceolate ; legs and hal- teres tawny ; fore legs black ; coxae, femora at the base and knees tawny ; wings grey ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border, and by more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. 168 MU. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. Gen. Opomyza, Fallen. 224. Opomyza nigrifinis, n. s. Fcem. Cinerea, capite antennisque pallide rufis, arista plumosa, thorace bilineato, peetore halteribusque albis, abdomine fulvo lanceolato apicem versus nigro, pedibus fulvis, alis nigris albo guttatis. Female. Cinereous ; head pale red, white beneath ; antennas pale red, very short, 3rd joint nearly round, arista plumose ; thorax with two indistinct darker lines ; pectus and halteres white ; abdomen lanceo- late, tawny, shining, black towards the tip; legs tawny ; wings black, rather narrow', with about ten white dots, of which two are larger than the others, and form a broken and almost interrupted band near the base ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about half its length from the border ; no praebracliial transverse vein. Length of the body li-11 hues ; of the wings 2£-3 lines. Gen. Drosophila, Fallen. 225. Drosophila solennis, n. s. Mas. Testacea, facie cariuata, thorace vittis quatuor fulvis, abdomine fasciis abbreviate nigricantibus, alis eineveis. Male. Testaceous; face keeled; antennae wanting; thorax with four tawny stripes; abdomen elliptical, a little longer than the thorax, w ith blackish abbreviated bands ; wings grey ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by hardly less than its length from the border, and by about thrice its length from the praebracliial transverse. Length of the body line; of the wings 3 hues. 226. Drosophila rudis, n. s. Mas. Fulva, facie albida, abdomine nigro nitente basi fulvo, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, alis cinereis apud castain obscurioribus maculis quatuor nigricantibus. Male. Tawny, testaceous beneath ; face whitish ; antennae wanting ; abdomen elongate -oval, black, shining, taw'ny at the base, not longer than tlie thorax ; legs and halteres testaceous ; w'ings grey, darker along the costa, with four blackish spots, first spot subcostal, larger than the second which is discal, third apical, band between the second and third spots irregular, attenuated liindward ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by nearly its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the praebracliial transverse. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 3^ lines. 227- Drosophila illata, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, segmentorum abdomi- nalium margiuibus pedibusqne testaceis, alis cinereis. Female. Tawny ; antennae very short, 3rd joint conical, arista thinly plumose ; abdomen oval, not longer than the thorax, hind borders of the segments and legs testaceous ; wings grey ; veins black, tawny at the base ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about its length from the border, and by nearly four times its length from the pracbrachial transverse. Length of the body 14 line ; of the wings 2 4 lines. ME. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE, 169 228. Drosophila lurida, n. s. Mas. Atra, capite piceo, arista plu- mosa, abdomine lurido subpubescente, pedibus obscure fulvis, alis lurido-cinereis, punctis marginalibus nigi’is, vena transversa praebra- chiali nigro nebulosa. Male. Deep black ; head piceous ; antenme short, 3rd joint elongate- conical, arista thinly plumose ; pectus piceous ; abdomen oval, lurid red, minutely pubescent, not longer than the thorax ; legs dull tawny ; wings lurid grey, blackish at the base, with black points at the tips of the longitudinal veins ; veins yellowish ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, with a black point at each end, parted by less than its length from the border, and by about twice its length from the pracbracliial transverse, which is clouded with black. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. 229. Drosophila lateralis, n. s. Mas. Fulva, subtus testaeea, abdomine maculis lateralibus nigris, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, alis cinereis. Male. Tawny, testaceous beneath ; antenme short, 3rd joint conical, arista plumose ; abdomen not longer than the thorax, with black spots along each side ; legs and halteres testaceous ; wings grey ; veins black. Length of the body 1 1 line ; of the wings 3 lines. Gen. Discomyza, Meigen. 230. Discomyza obscurata, n. s. Firm. Cinereo-nigra, capite ab- domineque nigris nitentibus, antennis obscure rufis, arista plumosa, pectoris lateribus albido conspersis, alis cinereis fascia informi maeu- laque apicali nigricantibus, halteribus albis. Female. Cinereous black ; head black, shining ; antenme short, dark red, 3rd joint conical, longer than the 2nd, arista thinly plu- mose ; sides of the pectus with minute whitish speckles ; abdomen elliptical, flat, black, shining, longer than the thorax ; legs black ; wings grey, with an irregular blackish band which does not extend to the hind border, and with a blackish apical spot ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the prsebrachial transverse, which is clouded with black ; halteres white. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 3 lines. Gen. Nomba, n. g. Mas et Fcem. Corpus latum, crassum. Frons lata. Antennis brevis- simm ; articulus 3 ua subrotundus ; arista subpubescens. Thorax sub- pubescens, quasi coriaceus ; scutellum parvum ; metathorax maximus, abdomen alasque incumbentes obtegens. Pedes breves, robusti ; fe- mora subincrassata ; tibiae arcuatae. Alee parvse. Male and Female. Body broad, thick, compact. Head almost as broad as the thorax ; front broad, narrower than the epistoma ; face vertical. 170 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. Antennae very short ; third joint nearly round ; arista very minutely pubescent. Thorax solid, apparently horny, very minutely pubes- cent ; scutellum small ; metathorax elliptical, enormously developed, covering the whole abdomen, sheltering the wings when in repose. Legs short, stout ; femora slightly incrassated ; tibiae curved. Wings concealed beneath the metathorax. 231. Nomba tecta, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Nigra, obscura, antennis piceis, tarsis flavis apice nigris, alis cinereis. Male and Female. Black, dull ; antennae piceous ; tarsi yellow, with black tips ; wings grey ; veins black. Length of the body 1£-1§ line ; of the wings 2£-3 lines. Subfam. Hydromyzides, Holiday. Gen. Notiphila, Fallen. 232. Notiphila lineosa, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Fusca, obscura, ca- pite apud oculos linea frontali et epistomate albidis, arista plumosa, thorace lineis sex albidis, abdomine nigro segmentorum marginibus fulvis, pedibus nigris, tibiis anticis genubus tarsis halteribusque fulvis, alis cinereis. Male and Female. Brown, dull ; head whitish about the eyes, and with a whitish line on the front ; epistoma whitish ; antennae not near reaching the epistoma, 3rd joint elongate, arista thinly plumose ; thorax with six w'hitish lines, the lateral pair incomplete ; abdomen black, not longer than the thorax, hind borders of the segments tawny ; legs black, tarsi, knees, posterior tibiae at the tips, and fore tibiae tawny ; wings grey ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by more than its length from the border, and by full thrice its length from the pncbrachial transverse ; halteres tawny. Length of the body lf-2 lines ; of the wings 3J-4 lines. The two following species belong to the group of which N. Cinerea is the type. 233. Notiphila ouadrifascia, n. s. Fcem. Fusca, subtus cinerea, capite autico amplo, facie convexa, antennis nigris, arista plumosa, metathorace abdominisque maculis duabus basalibus fasciisque quatuor albidis, genubus tarsisque rufescentlbus, alis cinereis puncto costali nigro, halteribus testaceis. Female. Brown, cinereous beneath ; head large and somewhat tumid in front and beneath ; face cinereous, convex ; antennae black, very small, 3rd joint conical, arista plumose ; metathorax W'hitish ; abdo- men with a whitish spot on each side at the base, and with four whitish bands, of which the 3rd and 4th are interrupted ; legs cinereous black, knees and tarsi reddish ; wings grey, with a black costal point at the tip of the subcostal vein ; veins black ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly straight, parted by less than half its length from the MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 171 border, and by nearly thrice its length from the preebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. 2,34. Notiphila flavilinea, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Piceo-nigra, ca- pite apud oculos testaceo, antennis rufescentibus, arista plumosa, ab- dominis segmentis flavo marginatis, alis cinereis apud costarn sub- luridis, halteribus testaceis. Male and Female. Piceous brown; head rather paler, testaceous about the eyes ; antenn® reddish, very short, 3rd joint conical, arista plu- mose ; abdomen oval, tiot longer than the thorax ; hind borders of the segments yellow ; wings grey, with a slight lurid tinge along the costa ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the border, and by a little more than twice its length from the preebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gen. Ephydra. Fallen. 235. Ephydra borboroides, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, lata, crassa, pubes- cens, subsetosa, antennis piceis, arista pubescente , tibiis tarsisque flavo fasciatis, iilis nigricantibus latiusculis cinerascente sexguttatis. Female. Black, broad, thick, somewhat pubescent and with a few bristles ; antennae piceous, short, 3rd joint round, arista pubescent ; abdomen broader than the thorax ; legs rather setose, tibiae and tarsi with yellow bands ; wings blackish, rather broad, with about six grey- ish dots on each ; veins black ; posterior longitudinal veins abbre- viated ; discal transverse vein parted by more than twice its length from the border, and by less than its length from the preebrachial transverse. Length of the body Is line; of the wings 3 lines. 236. Ephydra maculicornis, n. s. Mas. Cinereo-nigra, capite an- tennisque rufis, his puncto nigro, arista nuda, abdomine nigro nitente, tarsis testaceis, alis cinereis apud costarn pubescentibus. Male. Cinereous black ; head red in front and about the eyes ; antennae red, 3rd joint round with a black point above ; arista short, simple ; abdomen oval, black, shining, not longer thau the thorax; tarsi tes- taceous; wings grey, rqinutely pubescent along the border; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by more than twice its length from the border and from the prsebrachial transverse ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gen. Ochthera, Lair. 23 7. Ochthera innotata, n. s. Fcem. Cinereo-nigra, capite antico flavescenti-albo, pectore pedibusque cinereis, abdomine cyanescenti- nigro, alis cinereis, halteribus albidis. Female. Cinereous black ; head yellowish white in front, silvery white hindw ard ; pectus and legs cinereous ; abdomen bluish black ; wings 172 MR. A. R. WALLACE ON THE ZOOLOGICAL grey ; veins black ; pobrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its junction with the diseal transverse vein, the latter very oblique, parted by little more than half its length from the border , and by nearly thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 2s lines j of the wings lines. Fam. PIIORID^E, Saliday. Gen. Phora, Latr. 238. Phora bifasciata, n. s. Fam. Atra, subtus flavescenti-alba, antenuis fulvis, abdomine lauceolato, fasciis duabus apice pedibus halteribusque flavescenti-albis, pedibus posticis nigris basi flaveseenti- albis, tarsis intermediis nigricantibus, alis cinereis. Female. Deep black, yellowish white beneath ; antennae tawny ; abdo- men lanceolate, much longer than the thorax ; sides elevated, a broad basal yellowish white band, and a narrower one beyond the middle, tip also yellowish white ; anterior legs and halteres yellowish white, middle tarsi blackish, hind femora with the basal half yellowish white ; wings cinereous, veins black, pale at the base ; costal vein ending at a little beyond half the length of the wing ; radial cubital, praebrachial, and pobrachial veins parallel and equally distinct. Length of the body 2-21 lines ; of the wings 5-6 lines. On the Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago. By Alfred 11. Wallace, Esq. Communicated by Charles Darwin, Esq., F.R.S. & L.S. [Read Nov. 3rd, 1859.] In Mr. Sclater’s paper on the Geographical Distribution of Birds, read before the Linnean Society, and published in the ‘ Proceed- ings ’ for February 1858, he has pointed out that the western islands of the Archipelago belong to the Indian, and the eastern to the Australian region of Ornithology. My researches in these countries lead me to believe that the same division will hold good in every branch of Zoology ; and the object of my present com- munication is to mark out the precise limits of each region, and to call attention to some inferences of great general importance as regards the study of the laws of organic distribution. The Australian and Indian regions of Zoology are very strongly contrasted. In one the Marsupial order constitutes the great mass of the mammalia, — in the other not a solitary marsupial animal exists. Marsupials of at least two genera (Cuscus and Belideus) are found all over the Moluccas and in Celebes; but none have GEOGRAPHY OF THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. 173 been detected in the adjacent islands of Java and Borneo. Of all the varied forms of Quadrumana, Carnivora , lnsectivora and liumi- nantia which abound in the western half of the Archipelago, the only genera found in the Moluccas are Paradoxurus and Cervus. The Sciuridce, so numerous in the western islands, are represented in Celebes by only two or three species, while not one is found further east. Birds furnish equally remarkable illustrations. The Australian region is the richest in the w orld in Parrots ; the Asiatic is (of tropical regions) the poorest. Three entire families of the Psittacine order are peculiar to the former region, and two of them, the Cockatoos and the Lories, extend up to its extreme limits, without a solitary species passing into the Indian islands of the Archipelago. The genus Palceornis is, on the other hand, con- fined with equal strictness to the Indian region. In the Rasorial order, the Phasianidce are Indian, the Megapodiidce Australian ; but in this case one species of each family just passes the limits into the adjacent region. The genus Tropidorhynchus , highly charac- teristic of the Australian region, and everywhere abundant as well in the Moluccas and New Guinea as in Australia, is quite un- known in Java and Borneo. On the other hand, the entire families of Bucconidae, Trogonidw and Phyllornithidce , and the genera Peri- crocotus, Picnonotus, Trichophorus, Ixos , in fact, almost all the vast family of Thrushes and a host of other genera, cease abruptly at the eastern side of Borneo, Java, and Bali, All these groups are common birds in the great Indian islands ; they abound every- where ; they are the characteristic features of the ornithology ; and it is most striking to a naturalist, on passing the narrow straits of Macassar and Lombock, suddenly to miss them entirely, together with the Quadrumana and Felidae , the lnsectivora and JRodentia, whose varied species people the forests of Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. To define exactly the limits of the two regions where they are (geographically) most intimately connected, I may mention that du- ring a few' days’ stay in the island of Bali I found birds of the genera Copsychus, Megalaima , Tiga , Ploceus, and Sturnopastor, all charac- teristic of the Indian region and abundant in Malacca, Java, and Borneo ; w r hile on crossing over to Lombock, during three months collecting there, not one of them was ever seen ; neither have they occurred in Celebes nor in any of the more eastern islands I have visited. Taking this in connexion with the fact of Cacatua, Tropi- dorhynchus, and Megapodius having their western limit in Lom- bock, we may consider it established that the Strait of Lombock 174 MB. A. E. WALLACE ON THE ZOOLOGICAL (only 35 miles wide) marks the limits and abruptly separates two of the great Zoological regions of the globe. The Philippine Islands are in some respects of doubtful location, resembling and differing from both regions. They are deficient in the varied Mammals of Borneo, but they contain no Marsupials. The Psittaci are scarce, as in the Indian region ; the Lories are altogether ab- sent, but there is one representative of the Cockatoos. 'Woodpeckers, Trogons, and the genera Ixos, Copsychus , and Ploceus are highly characteristic of India. Tanysiptera and Megapodius, again, are Australian forms, but these seem represented by only solitary species. The islands possess also a few peculiar genera. We must on the whole place the Philippine Islands in the Indian region, but with the remark that they are deficient in some of its most striking features. They possess several isolated forms of the Au- stralian region, but by no means sufficient to constitute a real transition thereto. Leaving the Philippines out of the question for the present, the western and eastern islands of the Archipelago, as here divided, belong to regions more distinct and contrasted than any other of the great zoological divisions of the globe. South America and Africa, separated by the Atlantic, do not differ so widely as Asia and Australia : Asia with its abundance and variety of large Mammals and no Marsupials, and Australia with scarcely anything but Marsupials; Asia with its gorgeous Phasianidce, Australia with its dull-coloured Megapodiidce ; Asia the poorest tropical region in Parrots, Australia the richest : and all these striking charac- teristics are almost unimpaired at the very limits of their respective districts ; so that in a few hours we may experience an amount of zoological difference which only weeks or even months of travel will give us in any other part of the world ! Moreover there is nothing in the aspect or physical character of the islands to lead us to expect such a difference ; their physical and geological differences do not coincide with the zoological differences. There is a striking homogeneity in the two halves of the Archipelago. The great volcanic chain runs through both parts ; Borneo is the counterpart of New Guinea ; the Philip- pines closely resemble the equally fertile and equally volcanic Moluccas ; while in eastern Java begins to be felt the more arid climate of Timor and Australia. But these resemblances are accompanied by an extreme zoological diversity, the Asiatic and Australian regions finding in Borneo and New Guinea respectively their highest development. GEOGRAPHY OF THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. 175 But it may be said : “ The separation between these two regions is not so absolute. There is some transition. There are species and genera common to the eastern and western islands.” This is true, yet (in my opinion) proves no transition in the proper sense of the word ; and the nature and amount of the resemblance only shows more strongly the absolute and original distinctness of the two divisions. The exception here clearly proves the rule. Let us investigate these cases of supposed transition. In the western islands almost the only instance of a group peculiar to Australia and the eastern islands is the Megapodius in North- west Borneo. Not one of the Australian forms of Mammalia passes the limits of the region. On the other hand, Quadrumana occur in Celebes, Batchian, Lombock, and perhaps Timor ; Deer have reached Celebes, Timor, Buru, Ceram, and Gilolo, but not New Guinea ; Pigs have extended to New Guinea, probably the true eastern limit of the genus Sus ; Squirrels are found in Celebes, Lombock, and Sumbawa : among birds, Gallus occurs in Celebes and Sumbawa, Woodpeckers reach Celebes, and Horn- bills extend to the North-west of New Guinea. These cases of identity or resemblance in the animals of the tw o regions we may group into three classes ; 1st, identical species ; 2nd, closely allied or representative species ; and 3rd, species of peculiar and isolated genera. The common Grey Monkey (Macacus cynomolgus) has reached Lombock, and perhaps Timor, but not Celebes. The Deer of the Moluccas seems to be a variety of the Cervm rufus of Java and Borneo. The Jungle Cock of Celebes and Lombock is a Javanese species. Hirundo javanica , Zosterops jlavus> Halcyon collar is, JEurystomus gularis, Macropygia phasianella, Meropts java- nicus, Anthreptes lepida , Ptilonopus melanocephala, and some other birds appear the same in the adjacent islands of the eastern and western divisions, and some of them range over the whole Archi- pelago. But after reading Lyell on the various modes of disper- sion of animals, and looking at the proximity of the islands, we shall feel astonished, not at such an amount of interchange of species (most of which are birds of great powers of flight), but rather that in the course of ages a much greater and almost com- plete fusion has not taken place. Were the Atlantic gradually to narrow till only a strait of twenty miles separated Africa from South America, can w r e help believing that many birds and insects and some few mammals would soon be interchanged ? But such interchange would be a fortuitous mixture of faunas essentially and absolutely dissimilar, not a natural and regular transition from 176 MR. A. R. WALLACE ON THE ZOOLOGICAL one to the other. In like manner the cases of identical species in the eastern and western islands of the Archipelago are due to the gradual and accidental commingling of originally absolutely distinct faunas. In our second class (representative species) we must place the Wild Pigs, which seem to be of distinct but closely allied species in each island ; the Squirrels also of Celebes are of peculiar species, as are the Woodpeckers aud HornbOls, and two Celebes birds of the Asiatic genera PTuenicopheeus and Acridotheres. Now these and a few more of like character are closely allied to other species in- habiting Java, Borneo, or the Philippines. We have only there- fore to suppose that the species of the western passed over to the eastern islands at so remote a period as on one side or the other to have become extinct, and to have been replaced by an allied form, and we shall have produced exactly the state of things now existing. Such extinction and such replacement we know lias been continually going on. Such has been the regular course of nature for countless ages in every part of the earth of which we have geological records ; and unless we are prepared to show that the Indo- Australian Archipelago was an altogether exceptional region, such must have been the course of nature here also. If these islands have existed in their present form only during one of the later divisions of the Tertiary period, and if interchange of species at very rare and distant intervals has occurred, then the fact of some identical and other closely allied species is a necessary result, even if the two regions in question had been originally peopled by absolutely distinct creations of organic beings, and there had never been any closer connexion between them than now exists. The occurrence of a limited number of representative species in the two divisions of the Archipelago does not therefore prove any true transition from one to the other. The examples of our third class — of peculiar genera having little or no affinity with those of the adjacent islands — are almost entirely confined to Celebes, and render that island a district per se, in the highest degree interesting. Chjnopithecus , a genus of Baboons, the extraordinary Babirusa and the singular ruminant Ansa depres- sicornis have nothing in common with Asiatic mammals, but seem more allied to those of Africa. A quadrumanous animal of the same genus (perhaps identical) occurs in the little island of Bat- chian, which forms the extreme eastern limit of the highest order of mammalia. An allied species is also said to exist in the Philip- pines. Now this occurrence of quadrumana in the Australian GEOGRAPIIY OF TIIE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. 177 region proves nothing whatever as regards a transition to the western islands, which, among their numerous monkeys and apes, have nothing at all resembling them. The species of Celebes and Batchian have the high superorbital ridge, the long nasal bone, the dog-like figure, the minute erect tail, the predaceous habits and the fearless disposition of the true Baboons, and find their allies nowhere nearer than in tropical Africa. The Anoa seems also to point towards the same region, so rich in varied forms of Antelopes. In the class of birds, Celebes possesses a peculiar genus of Par- rots (Prioniturus) , said to occur also in the Philippines \.Meropogon, intermediate between an Indian and an African form of Bee-eaters ; and the anomalous Scissirostrum, which Prince Bonaparte places next to a Madagascar bird, and forms a distinct subfamily for the reception of the two. Celebes also contains a species of Coracias , which is here quite out of its normal area, the genus being other- wise confined to Africa and continental India, not occurring in any other part of the Archipelago. The Celebes bird is placed, in Bonaparte’s * Conspectus,’ between two African species, to which therefore I presume it is more nearly allied than to those of India. Having just received Mr. Smith’s Catalogue of the Hyinenoptera collected during my first residence in Celebes, I find in it some facts of an equally singular nature. Of 103 species, only 10 are known to inhabit any of the western islands of the Archipelago, while 18 are identical with species of continental India, China, and the Philippine Islands, two are stated to be identical with insects hitherto known only from tropical Africa, and another is said to be most closely allied to one from the Cape. These phenomena of distribution are, I believe, the most anoma- lous yet known, and in fact altogether unique. I am aware of no other spot upon the earth which contains a number of species, in several distinct classes of animals, the nearest allies to which do not exist in any of the countries which on every side surround it, but which are to be found only in another primary division of the globe, separated from them all by a vast expanse of ocean. In no other case are the species of a genus or the genera of a family dis- tributed in two distinct areas separated by countries in which they do not exist ; so that it has come to be considered a law in geo- graphical distribution, “ that both species and groups inhabit con- tinuous areas.” Facts such as these can only be explained by a bold acceptance of vast changes in the surface of the earth. They teach us that this island of Celebes is more ancient than most of the islands LFt m, prog. — zoology. 12 178 MR. A. R, WALLACE ON THE ZOOLOGICAL now surrounding it, and obtained some part of its fauna before they came into existence. They point to the time when a great continent occupied a portion at least of what is now the Indian Ocean, of which the islands of Mauritius, Bourbon,